History of USB connectors

USB is a versatile connector type used in numerous devices, from smartphones to external hard drives. However, there are several different USB models, and their differences can be confusing. In this information package, we will explore the features of different USB models and help you choose the most suitable option for your needs.

VersionYear of ReleaseTheoretical Maximum Charging PowerTheoretical Maximum Data Transfer RateUSB Connector TypesUSB Cable TypesUSB Power DeliveryCompatibility
USB 1.019965V / 0.5A (2.5W)12 MbpsUSB-A, USB-BUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-BStandard PowerUSB 1.0
USB 1.119985V / 0.5A (2.5W)12 MbpsUSB-A, USB-BUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-BStandard PowerUSB 1.0, USB 1.1
USB 2.020005V / 0.5A (2.5W)480 MbpsUSB-A, USB-B, Micro-USB, Mini-USBUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-B, USB-A - Micro-USB, USB-A - Mini-USBStandard Power, High PowerUSB 1.0, USB 1.1, USB 2.0
USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1)20085V / 0.9A (4.5W)5 GbpsUSB-A, USB-B, Micro-USB, Mini-USBUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-B, USB-A - Micro-USB, USB-A - Mini-USBStandard Power, High Power, SuperSpeed PowerUSB 2.0, USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1)
USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen 2)20135V / 3A (15W)10 GbpsUSB-A, USB-B, USB-CUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-B, USB-A - USB-C, USB-C - USB-CStandard Power, High Power, SuperSpeed PowerUSB 2.0, USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1), USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen 2)
USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 1)20175V / 3A (15W)20 GbpsUSB-A, USB-B, USB-CUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-B, USB-A - USB-C, USB-C - USB-CStandard Power, High Power, SuperSpeed Power, Extended Power RangeUSB 2.0, USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1), USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen 2), USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 1)
USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 2)201720V / 5A (100W)20 GbpsUSB-A, USB-B, USB-CUSB-A - USB-A, USB-A - USB-B, USB-A - USB-C, USB-C - USB-CStandard Power, High Power, SuperSpeed Power, Extended Power RangeUSB 2.0, USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1), USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen 2), USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 1), USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 2)
USB 4.0201920V / 5A (100W)40 GbpsUSB-CUSB-C - USB-CStandard Power, High Power, SuperSpeed Power, Extended Power RangeUSB 2.0, USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1), USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen 2), USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 1), USB 3.2 (USB 3.2 Gen 2)

USB4 (240W)

2023 240W40 GbpsUSB-CUSB-C - USB-CStandard Power, High Power, SuperSpeed Power, Extended Power RangeUSB 2.0, USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen 1), USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen 2), USB 3.2 (USB 3.2



The table above compares the most common USB models:

  • Version: The version of the USB standard, which affects data transfer speed and power delivery.
  • Year of Release: The year the version was released.
  • Theoretical Maximum Charging Power: The maximum potential power for charging.
  • Theoretical Maximum Data Transfer Rate: The highest possible speed for data transfer.
  • USB Connector Types: The available connector types, such as USB-A, USB-B, and USB-C.
  • USB Cable Types: Compatible cable types.
  • USB Power Delivery: Supported power delivery levels, which influence charging speed.
  • Compatibility: Compatibility with older USB standards.
NOTES:
  • Theoretical maximum values may vary depending on the device and cable quality.
  • USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 Gen 1 are similar, but Gen 1 is slower (5 Gbps).
  • USB 3.1 and USB 3.2 Gen 2 are similar, but Gen 2 is faster (20 Gbps).


USB Connectors:

USB-A:

  • Most common and widely compatible
  • Not reversible
  • Data transfer speed depends on USB version
  • Used in smartphones, tablets, computers, and chargers

USB-B:

  • Several different form factors (Standard-B, Mini-B, Micro-B, SuperSpeed)
  • Not reversible (except SuperSpeed)
  • Data transfer speed depends on USB version
  • Used in printers, scanners, external hard drives, and SSDs

USB-C:

  • Reversible
  • Fastest data transfer speed
  • Powerful charging
  • Used in smartphones, tablets, computers, and external devices

Micro-USB:

  • Small and compact
  • Not reversible
  • Slower data transfer speed
  • Used in older smartphones and tablets

Mini-USB:

  • Older connector type
  • Not reversible
  • Slower data transfer speed
  • Used in older digital cameras and MP3 players


USB-C vs. Thunderbolt:

Both USB-C and Thunderbolt are advanced connector types offering fast data transfer and powerful charging. However, Thunderbolt is significantly more expensive and requires compatible computers and devices. For most consumers, USB-C is often the better choice because it is:

  • More Widespread: USB-C is widely supported across devices and computers.
  • More Affordable: USB-C cables and devices are generally cheaper than Thunderbolt alternatives.
  • Compatible: USB-C is compatible with older USB standards with suitable adapters.
  • Versatile: USB-C supports various functions, including video transmission and power delivery.

Summary:

USB-C is an excellent choice for most consumers. It's fast, powerful, and compatible with a variety of devices. 

We hope this information package helped you understand the differences between USB models and choose the best one for your needs.


Additional Resources:

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